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Cognitive Distortions

Margaret Denise Brauns, MS, LMFT

Cognitive Distortions, the thoughts that exacerbate anxiety and depression.

 Cognitive Distortions are faulty thinking patterns that convince us of information that is simply not true. When unchecked or unconscious, we often react to ideas or thoughts that have no basis in reality. Chronic use of cognitive distortions can increase our depression and anxiety by reinforcing negative thoughts about ourselves or others.
While most of us use one or two faulty thought patterns periodically, those with anxiety and depression tend to rely on distorted thoughts that reinforce feeling poorly about oneself or circumstances.

In his groundbreaking book, Feeling Good, (Burns 1989) identified cognitive distortions as the primary culprits in exacerbating anxiety and depression. Therapists will use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to assist clients in learning how cognitive distortions contribute to an increase in anxiety and depression. Often referred to as " stinking thinking", cognitive distortions can perpetuate chronic negativity and feelings of hopelessness.

By understanding our faulty thinking patterns, we can identify triggers and learn strategies to reduce the influence or use of cognitive distortions.
Strategies to combat cognitive distortions include fact checks, identifying thoughts or emotions associated with distorted thoughts, and replacing distortions with more accurate realistic thoughts. 

While it is easy to get caught up in negative thinking patterns when we are tired, stressed, or upset, others may be consumed by repetitive, negative thoughts. Below are the most recognized types of cognitive distortions.

Try identifying the thought patterns you use most frequently when not basing thoughts on facts. While we know feelings are not facts, we often forget that thoughts and ideas are also not facts.  

THE USUAL SUSPECTS-Cognitive Distortions-(Burns, 1989)
1. All-or-Nothing Thinking: You tend to think in absolute, black and white categories. For example, “I won’t fit in” or “I won’t know anyone at the party”.
2. Mental Filter: You dwell on the negatives and ignore the positives. For example, remembering only the person who didn’t acknowledge your hello as opposed to remember the dozens of people who did communicate thoughtfully.
3. Overgeneralization: You view a negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat. For example, “This always happens to me, nothing ever works out.”
4. Discounting the positive: You insist that your accomplishments or positive qualities don’t count. For example, “She only smiled at me because she felt it would be polite.” Or, you receive a multitude of positive feedback on your presentation but focus on one negative remark.
5. Jumping to Conclusions: You conclude things are bad without any definite evidence. For example, “I know I am going to get in trouble because why else would my boss want to talk to me.”
     a) Mind reading: You assume that people are reacting negatively to you. You believe you know what others are thinking without evidence.
     b) Fortune-telling: You predict that things will turn out badly. You believe you know the outcome of upcoming events. 
6. Magnification or minimization: You blow things way out of proportion or you shrink their importance. For example, “I was destroyed when those people saw me trip coming up the stairs.” "I didn't notice anything, what are you talking about?"
7. Emotional Reasoning: You reason from how you feel: “I feel like an idiot, so I must be one.”
8. “Should” statements: You criticize yourself or other people with “shoulds”, “shouldn’ts”, and “musts”.
9. Labeling: Instead of saying, “I made a mistake,” you tell yourself, “I am a jerk”, or a loser. You often speak of yourself in a derogatory manner.
10. Blame/Personalization: You blame yourself for something that you weren’t entirely responsible for, or you blame other people and overlook ways that you contribute to a problem. For example, “I let the conversation get awkward.” "Everyone was unhappy at the party because of me".
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It is important to understand how your thought patterns contribute to anxiety or depression. When we can identify faulty thinking, we learn how to challenge thoughts that send us in a downward spiral. Ask yourself is this a feeling or a fact? Remember that feelings and thoughts are not facts. 

Today is a great day to consider new ways of thinking.



By Margaret Denise Brauns, MS, LMFT March 21, 2021
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By Margaret Denise Brauns, MS, LMFT March 20, 2021
Benefits of Journaling Journaling has regained popularity in recent years in mental health. It has once again become a tool for a variety of mental health conditions including anxiety, depression and reducing stress. Whether you are in therapy or on a path of self-discovery, writing your thoughts and experience is is valuable. Research has proven that strategic, committed journaling can actually change the way one thinks, feels and behaves. Studies reveal that individuals who commit to 30 days of writing daily in a gratitude journal, report significant improvement in their positive outlook on life. An additional benefit is that success in journaling is not impacted by financial circumstances, education, age, or writing skills. Journaling only requires a desire and commitment to the process. While there are technically no wrong or right ways to journal, there are strategies to help get you motivated to begin. Ask yourself about the value you see in journaling and if you can to commit to the process. Discuss lack of motivation or resistance with your therapist or someone who successfully journals. Try following general guidelines to help get you started or research journaling prompts. Tips for Journaling: Buy or find a journal you’d like to use. Keep it in a secure but accessible place. Commit to writing every day for 30 days. Keep going if you enjoy it! Set a consistent time aside each day for journaling. It doesn’t need to take 1 hour; start with a 5-minute commitment. Once you begin writing, keep your momentum going. Write anything that comes to mind… Write honestly. While journaling is a creative form of writing, in order to gain self-awareness, it is not intended to be fictional. Accept that journaling is not about using correct grammar or perfect writing skills. Allow yourself to be spontaneous. Be confident that no one is going to read your journal. (If you believe there are boundary issues in your home, learn how to set boundaries. Keep your journal at work or in a locker at school if you must.) If you feel blocked in writing, use prompts from journaling books or websites. Try gratitude journaling, or focus on journaling about something of interest to you. (i.e. parenting, relationships, childhood memories). Do not critique or judge your own writing. The key is honesty and spontaneity. Make sure you are not censoring your writing. Ask yourself if you are writing what you think should do or feel or if it is what you really feel, what really happened or what you wish happened? Look forward to the self-discovery in your writing. Even facing hard truths leads to a more peaceful way of living. Do not be stingy with yourself about journals if possible. Buy a cover you enjoy and replace journals frequently. When you are ready to start a new journal, do it. Some people ceremoniously burn or destroy journals when complete. Develop your own traditions with journaling. Have fun with it and enjoy the process. Just get started. The longer you journal, the sooner you will develop a routine and style that works for you. Allow yourself to discover your truth through journaling. It is an excellent tool in the process of self-awareness and change. Self-awareness can help you understand your emotions and behaviors and can create opportunities for change. Journaling is easy, inexpensive, and well worth the effort. Today is a great day to begin journaling.
By Margaret Denise Brauns, MS, LMFT March 19, 2021
Relationships suffer with unresolved conflict. Even strong relationships become vulnerable when problems occur and no resolution is in sight. Unresolved conflict that becomes circular, hostile and resentful can chip away at the foundation of any relationship. Learning the art of apologizing and forgiveness is critical in relationships. We all have days when we are not our best self and we make mistakes or poor choices. "To error is to be human". When our words, decisions, or mistakes hurt others, intentionally or not, we must learn to apologize. Resolving conflict with grace brings us closer together: unresolved conflict can break down any relationship. Apologizing can be difficult; it is natural to feel justified in action or not want to accept responsibility for mistakes. Barriers to apologizing include disagreement about the problem, or the fear of admitting we are wrong. Feeling vulnerable when we apologize is common. It is most important to understand that we can increase intimacy and strengthen our relationships by learning to apologize. Apologizing can be this simple: 1) State with sincerity that you are sorry 2) Identify what you can do better 3) State your intention to respond differently in the future. 4) Be willing to listen to feedback without defending your actions. 5) Accept that forgiveness may take a little time. Forgiveness is Underrated While apologizing can be hard, forgiving others when we feel wronged can be even more difficult. Once you have received a sincere apology, it is a choice how to proceed. Forgive the offense or harbor resentment? Choose to trust the sincerity or make exit plans? Holding onto resentments or past events will eventually lead to the unraveling of relationships. Practice forgiving even when it is difficult. Forgiving can leave us feeling vulnerable: we are fearful that we may be hurt again. Learn the skills to apologize and the skills to forgive. Forgiveness of others is a true statement of love. In forgiveness we are saying, I love and value you even though we are both imperfect. When we forgive others, we are able to free ourselves of anger and negativity that hurts us. We are also able to reopen the door to communication and intimacy in our important relationships. “Forgiveness is the truest form of love. It takes a strong person to apologize and even a stronger person to forgive." Today is a great day to learn how to apologize and how to forgive.
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